---译评2014年高考北京卷阅读理解B篇

【短评】本文体裁为记叙文，主题语境与题材属于 “人与自然之生存博弈”。文章以阿拉斯加海滩突发的棕熊袭击事件为叙事核心，体现险境中理性应对的生命价值，突出危机处置与家庭协作能力，彰显临危不乱的生存素养，展示野外环境下人与猛兽的真实对峙情境。其社会意义在于揭示：当自然威胁来临时，冷静判断是超越体能的生存武器，启示人们在极端压力下需以心智稳定构筑安全防线。

【英汉对照】

The Brown Bear

棕熊

My wife Laura and I were on the beach, with three of our children, taking pictures of shore birds near our home in Alaska when we spotted a bear. The bear was thin and small, moving aimlessly. 我与妻子劳拉携三个孩子在海滩上，于阿拉斯加居所附近拍摄滨鸟时，撞见一头熊。那熊身形瘦小，正漫无目的地徘徊。

Just a few minutes later, I heard my daughter shouting, “Dad! The bear is right behind us!” An aggressive bear will usually rush forward to frighten away its enemy but would suddenly stop at the last minute. This one was silent and its ears pinned back—the sign (迹象) of an animal that is going in for the kill. And it was a cold April day. The bear behaved abnormally, probably because of hunger. 数分钟后，女儿惊呼：“爸爸！熊就在我们身后！” 通常有攻击性的熊会猛冲吓退敌人，却会在最后一刻骤停。但这头熊默不作声，耳朵后抿 —— 此乃猛兽准备扑杀的征兆。时值料峭四月，熊的反常举止，恐因饥饿所致。

I held my camera tripod (三脚架) in both hands to form a barrier as the bear rushed into me. Its huge head was level with my chest and shoulders, and the tripod stuck across its mouth. It bit down and I found myself supporting its weight. I knew I would not be able to hold it for long. 熊扑向我时，我双手紧攥相机三脚架筑成屏障。它硕大的头颅与我胸肩齐平，三脚架卡进它的口中。它狠狠咬下，我顿感自己在支撑其体重，深知难以久持。

Even so, this was a fight I had to win: I was all that stood between the bear and my family, who would stand little chance of running faster than a brown bear. 即便如此，此战必须致胜：我是熊与家人间唯一的壁垒，而家人根本无法跑过棕熊。

The bear hit at the camera, cutting it off the tripod. I raised my left arm to protect my face; the beast held tightly on the tripod and pressed it into my side. My arm could not move, and I sensed that my bones were going to break. 熊猛击相机，将其从三脚架上撞落。我抬起左臂护脸，那野兽紧钳三脚架顶向我的腰侧。手臂动弹不得，我甚至感觉骨头即将折断。

Drawing back my free hand, I struck the bear as hard as I could for five to six times. The bear opened its mouth and I grasped its fur, trying to push it away. I was actually wrestling (扭打) with the bear at this point. Then, as suddenly as it had begun, the fight ended. The bear moved back towards the forest, before returning for another attack — The first time I felt panic. 我缩回空着的手，拼尽全力连击熊五六次。它张口之际，我揪住其皮毛奋力推搡，此刻竟与熊缠斗起来。激战如骤雨突至般戛然停歇，熊退向森林，却又折返再袭 —— 我首次感到恐慌。

Apparently satisfied that we caused no further threat, the bear moved off, destroying a fence as it went. My arm was injured, but the outcome for us could hardly have been better. I’m proud that my family remained clear-headed when panic could have led to a very different outcome. 熊显然确认我们不再构成威胁，遂离去，途中撞毁一道篱笆。我手臂受伤，但结局已是万幸。令我自豪的是，当恐慌可能招致灭顶之灾时，家人始终保持清醒。

【题干与选项】

1. The brown bear approached the family in order to ________. 棕熊接近这家人的目的是________。

A. catch shore birds 捕捉滨鸟（错误：文中熊未对鸟类采取行动，其目标明确指向人类）

B. start an attack 发起攻击（正确：熊表现出攻击特征 —— 沉默、耳后抿，且直接冲向作者）

C. protect the children 保护孩童（错误：野生动物无保护人类行为，此选项与文意无关）

D. set up a barrier for itself 为自身设屏障（错误：设屏障是作者的防御行为，非熊的意图）

2. The bear finally went away after it ________. 熊最终在________后离开。

A. felt safe 感到安全（正确：文中明确表述熊因 “确认我们无进一步威胁” 而离去）

B. got injured 受伤（错误：文中仅作者手臂受伤，未提及熊受伤）

C. found some food 寻得食物（错误：熊因饥饿异常，但文中未显示其获得食物）

D. took away the camera 夺走相机（错误：相机被撞落而非被夺走，且此行为与熊离开无关）

3. The writer and his family survived mainly due to their ________. 作者一家幸存主要得益于________。

A. pride 傲慢（错误：傲慢与幸存无关，文中核心为冷静应对）

B. patience 耐心（错误：突发危机中，耐心非关键生存因素）

C. calmness 冷静（正确：文末强调家人 “保持清醒头脑”，避免因恐慌导致悲剧）

D. cautiousness 谨慎（错误：谨慎属于事前预防，而幸存主因是事中的冷静处置）

答案：BAC